Two of the colourways (Vintage and Sunshine) use a 4mm hook and Scheepjes Softfun Aquarel/Denim. A colouring in template is provided to help you decide on colour placement. We have created three official colourways, but you are, of course, welcome to use whatever hook/yarn combination you desire. The pattern will be presented as a photo tutorial, with charts by Masako Kawahara and videos by Esther Dijkstra. It is a continuous square blanket with a lot of floral/lace detail. This idea stems from the observation that all galaxies seems to be receding from each other at an accelerating pace, implying that some invisible extra energy is at work.CharlotteвЂ™s Universe is a 12-week crochet-along that will start on the 1st of August 2021. Even less is known about it than dark matter. Unlike stars and galaxies, dark matter does not emit any light or electromagnetic radiation of any kind, so that we can detect it onlyВ through its gravitational effects.ДЄn even more mysterious form of energy called вЂњdark energyвЂќ accounts for about 70% of the mass-energy content of the universe. A very large fraction of the universe, in fact 26%, is made of an unknown type of matter called ' dark matter'. Astronomical and physical calculations suggest that the visible universe is only a tiny amount (4%) of what the universe is actually made of. Heavier atoms such as carbon, oxygen and iron, have since been continuously produced in the hearts of stars and catapulted throughout the universe in spectacular stellar explosions called supernovae.Д«ut stars and galaxies do not tell the whole story. Present observations suggest that the first stars formed from clouds of gas around 150вЂ“200 million years after the Big Bang. These were mainly helium and hydrogen, which are still by far the most abundant elements in the universe. It took 380,000 years for electrons to be trapped in orbits around nuclei, forming the first atoms. As the universe continued to expand and cool, things began to happen more slowly. Within minutes, these protons and neutrons combined into nuclei. A few millionths of a second later, quarks aggregated to produce protons and neutrons. As the universe cooled, conditions became just right to give rise to the building blocks of matter вЂ“ the quarks and electrons of which we are all made. In the first moments after the Big Bang, the universe was extremely hot and dense. Though the Big Bang theory cannot describe what the conditions were at the very beginning of the universe, it can help physicists describe the earliest moments after the start of the expansion. Physicists had assumed that matter in the universe would slow its rate of expansion gravity would eventually cause the universe to fall back on its centre. This earned them the Nobel prize in physics in 2011. In 1998 two teams of astronomers working independently at Berkeley, California observed that supernovae вЂ“ exploding stars вЂ“ were moving away from Earth at an accelerating rate. Subsequent calculations have dated this Big Bang to approximately 13.7 billion years ago. LemaГ®tre proposed that the universe expanded explosively from an extremely dense and hot state, and continues to expand today. HubbleвЂ™s discovery was the first observational support for Georges LemaГ®treвЂ™s Big Bang theory of the universe, proposed in 1927.

If galaxies are moving away from us, reasoned Hubble, then at some time in the past, they must have been clustered close together. HubbleвЂ™s observation implied that distant galaxies were moving away from us, as the furthest galaxies had the fastest apparent velocities. Redshift occurs when a light source moves away from its observer: the light's apparent wavelength is stretched via the Doppler effect towards the red part of the spectrum. In 1929 the American astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that the distances to far-away galaxies were proportional to their redshifts.

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